...less medical jargon in a 'Quick Glance' format!
Tarsal Tunnel Syndrome is a compression, or squeezing, on the posterior tibial nerve that produces symptoms anywhere along the path of the nerve. The posterior tibial nerve runs along the inside of the ankle into the foot.
This syndrome is similar to carpal tunnel syndrome, which
occurs in the wrist. Both disorders arise from the compression of a
nerve in a confined space. Although this may not
be as well known as carpal tunnel syndrome, it is nevertheless a cause of foot and ankle pain in adults.
Symptoms:
Patients with tarsal tunnel syndrome experience one or more of the
following symptoms:
Tingling, burning, or a sensation
similar to an electrical shock
Numbness
Pain, including shooting pain
The symptoms are typically felt on the inside of the ankle and/or on
the bottom of the foot. In some people, a symptom may be isolated and occur in just one spot. In others, it may extend to the heel, arch, toes, and even the calf.
Sometimes the symptoms of the syndrome appear suddenly. Often they are brought on or aggravated by overuse of the foot—such as in prolonged standing, walking, exercising, or beginning a new exercise program.
It is very important to seek early treatment if any of the symptoms occur. If left untreated, the condition progresses and may result in permanent nerve damage. In addition, because the symptoms can be confused with other conditions, proper evaluation is essential so that correct diagnosis can be made.
Causes:
Tarsal tunnel syndrome is caused by anything that produces compression on the posterior tibial nerve, such as:
* A person with flat feet is at risk for developing tarsal tunnel
syndrome, because the outward tilting of the heel that occurs with
“fallen arches" can produce strain and compression on the nerve.
* An enlarged or abnormal structure that occupies space within the
tunnel can compress the nerve. Some examples include a varicose
vein, ganglion cyst, swollen tendon, and arthritic bone spur.
* An injury, such as an ankle sprain, may produce inflammation and
swelling in or near the tunnel, resulting in compression of the nerve.
* A person who is overweight may be prone to experiencing pressure
on the posterior tibial nerve.
* Systemic diseases such as diabetes or arthritis can cause swelling, thus compressing the nerve.
Treatment: A variety of treatment options, often used in combination, are available to treat tarsal tunnel syndrome.
Rest .. Staying off the foot prevents further injury and encourages healing.
Ice.. To reduce swelling in the tarsal tunnel, apply a bag of ice
over a thin towel to the affected area for 20 minutes of each waking
hour. Do not put ice directly against the skin.
Oral medications .. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs),
such as ibuprofen, help reduce the pain and inflammation.
Immobilization.. Restricting movement of the foot by wearing a cast is sometimes necessary to enable the nerve and surrounding tissue to heal.
Physical therapy .. Ultrasound therapy, exercises, and other forms of physical therapy may be prescribed to reduce symptoms.
Injection therapy .. Injections of a local anesthetic provide pain
relief, and an injected corticosteroid may be useful in treating
the inflammation.
Orthotic devices .. Custom shoe inserts may be prescribed to help
maintain the arch and limit excessive motion that can cause compression on the nerve.
Shoes.. Supportive shoes, as recommended by your foot and ankle
surgeon, may prove helpful.
Bracing .. Patients with flatfoot or those with severe symptoms and
nerve damage may be fitted with a brace to reduce the amount of
pressure on the foot.
Surgery .. Sometimes surgery is the best option for treating tarsal
tunnel syndrome. The foot and ankle surgeon will determine if surgery is necessary and will select the appropriate procedure or procedures based on the cause of the condition.
